How to Divide Stock Options in a California Divorce

I’m Tim Blankenship of Divorce661. If you or your spouse hold stock options or RSUs, you probably have questions about whether those assets must be split in a California divorce and how to do it fairly. This article breaks down the basics—what courts look at, how the “time rule” is used, and why a clear, court-approved agreement is essential.

Why stock options and RSUs matter in a divorce

Stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs) can represent substantial future value. Unlike cash or a bank account, their value often depends on vesting schedules, grant dates, and future company performance. Because of that complexity, they’re frequent sources of confusion and dispute in divorce cases.

Community property vs. separate property

In California, stock options earned during the marriage are usually considered community property—even if they’re unvested.

That means options or RSUs that were earned while you were married are typically treated like income or retirement benefits and shared between spouses. The harder question is: which portion is community property and which portion is separate property (earned before marriage or after separation)?

Options granted before marriage

An option granted before marriage can still have community value if vesting or earnings occurred during the marriage. The key is to determine how much of the option’s value was earned while married.

Options granted after separation

Options granted after separation are generally separate property, but paperwork, dates, and exact timing matter. Proper documentation and an accurate calculation are important to avoid later disputes.

The time rule: how courts apportion stock options

Court commonly use a timing-based formula—often referred to as the “time rule”—to apportion the community portion of an option or RSU award. The idea is simple: the portion earned during the marriage is proportional to the time the option was earned while married.

In practice this means:

• Identify the relevant period when the option was earned (for example, from grant date to vesting date, or from grant to exercise depending on the specifics).
• Calculate how much of that period falls within the marriage.
• Apportion the award value according to that fraction—this determines the community share versus the separate share.

Because companies use different vesting schedules and award structures, the exact calculation can vary. A clear written agreement or a court order that specifies the calculation avoids ambiguity later.

Real-life example: handling unvested RSUs

We recently worked with a client whose spouse had a large number of unvested RSUs. Using the time rule, we identified the portion of those RSUs that was earned during the marriage and the portion that was separate property.

We then drafted language that spelled out:

• How the percentage would be calculated (time rule basis),
• What happens when/if the RSUs vest or are exercised, and
• How distributions or proceeds would be handled and reported to the court.

The result: a clear, court-approved agreement that removed uncertainty and prevented future disputes.

Why a well-written agreement matters

A vague or incomplete agreement about stock options and RSUs often leads to expensive litigation later. Clear, specific provisions are essential. Your agreement should address:

• Exactly which awards are included (grants, RSUs, options, performance shares, etc.),
• The formula used to divide the award (time rule or other agreed method),
• How and when the community portion will be transferred, paid, or credited, and
• Recordkeeping and notice requirements when awards vest or are exercised.

Professional guidance is essential

Dividing stock-based compensation requires both legal and financial expertise. Missteps can cost you money or create prolonged disputes. We handle these complexities by:

• Identifying community vs. separate portions of stock options and RSUs,
• Applying the appropriate timing formulas and valuation approaches,
• Drafting precise agreement language that courts will approve, and
• Managing the paperwork from start to finish for a flat fee when possible.

How we can help

At Divorce661 we focus on clarity and accuracy when dividing complex assets like stock options. We offer a free consultation to review your situation and explain how the time rule and other methods may apply. To schedule a consultation, visit Divorce661.com.

Conclusion — take action now

Stock options and RSUs are often community property in California, but determining the community share requires careful timing and clear documentation. Don’t leave these assets to chance—get professional help to calculate, document, and finalize an agreement that protects your fair share.

Schedule your free consultation at Divorce661.com and make sure your stock-based compensation is divided correctly and comprehensively.